TENNIS

INTRODUCTION

Tennis, game played with a racket and a ball by two(as in singles) or four (as doubles) competitors, on a rectangular court with a net strung between the midpoints of the longer sides of the court. Tennis may be played indoors or outdoors. The game ranks as one of the most popular spectator and participation sports in the world, with fans and competitors in more than 100 countries. Originally called lawn tennis to distinguish it from the sport of court tennis, from which it was derived, the game is now commonly known as tennis.

Playing Court and Equipment
The court is marked with white lines to indicate its dimensions and service areas. The court is marked with white lines to indicate its dimensions and service areas. The court is 78 ft (23.8m) long, divided into equal sides by a net standing 3 ft (0.9 m) high at the center of the court. For singles the court is 27 ft (8.2 m) wide. For doubles the addition of alleys 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wide along the two longer sides increases the width to 36 ft (11 m). (For more detail, see accompanying diagram.) Courts may be made up of grass, clay, asphalt, concrete, wood artificial grass, or composite materials.

Service and Play
A serve begins every point of a tennis match. The player who initiates the point is called the server, and the one who receives the ball is called the receiver. To serve, a player tosses the ball into the air and strikes it before it touches the ground, hitting it into the opponent's service area, known as the service box. Although players usually employ an overhand motion to serve, it is permissible to strike the ball underhanded.

SQUASH(Game)

Introduction
Squash (game), generic name for two similar games, squash racquets and squash tennid, played on a four walled with a racket and ball. Both games are derived from the game of racquets. This article primarily discusses squash racquets, which is the more widely played of the squash games. A squash ball is about 1.75 in (4.4 cm) in diameter. The racket may be up to 27 in (68.6 cm) long.

Squash racquets is played by either two players (as in singles) or four players (as is doubles). There are also two froms of the game. Most people play softball, or English squash. A hardball version, known as American squash, is played in some parts of the United States. The hard ball is livelier than the softball, and because of this difference, strategies of play differ between the two games.

PLAYING SQUASH
A game begins when one of the players serves off of the front wall so that the ball bounces in the opponent's service area. A player scores a points when the opponent lets the ball bounce twice, fails return it to the front wall above the telltale, or hits the ball so that it strikes the ceiling or anywhere above the play lines. A shot must hit the front wall, but it may also be played off of any or all of the other walls. The may be volleyed-that is, struck before it hits the ground.

In the softball version a game is played to 9 points, but only the server can score points. The winner of a point continues (or starts) serving. A tiebreaker is used if the score becomes tied at 8 points. A match consists of the best two out of three or the best three out of five games. In the hardball version a game is played to 15 points, with the winner of each rally scoring a point. The winner of a point also continues (or starts) serving. If the game is tied at 13 or 14 points, atiebreaker is played.

SNOOKER

Introduction
Snooker is a pool game in which ball struck with a cue is used to hit fifteen red balls and six balls of different colors into any of six pockets.

Snooker is the most popular billiards game in Britain and the countries that were once part of British Empire. The typical snooker table 2 by 4 m (6 by 12 ft) and has six narrow pockets with rounded openings. Twenty-two balls are used: 15 red balls, 6 balls of various colors (in the United States these balls and colored balls alternately. When pocketed, the red balls remain out of play, when the other balls are returned to the table to assigned spots. when the reds are gone the colored balls are

SHOT PUT

Introduction

Shot put is the a track-and-field event in which contestants compete to throw a heavy metal ball as far as possible.

In the shot put event, the athlete propels a heavy metal ball with one arm only. Strength is essential, but athletes also need quickness and coordination to create momentum and maximum force during the throwing motion.

To prepare for an attempt, the athlete begins at the back of marked circle 2.135 m (7 ft) in the diameter. The athlete faces backwards, holding the shot against te shoulder and under the chin. Then, in two quick steps, the athlete turns, moves to the front of the circle, and lunches the shot by thrusting the arm forward-pushing, or putting, the shot, not throwing it.

In most contests each competitor takes three throws, and the eight best performers receive three more throws. Competitors are ranked according to the distance of their longest throw. If the contestant steps outside the circle, the throw does not count, and all puts must land within a fan-shaped in-bounds area.

TRIPLE JUMP

Introduction

Triple jump is track-and field event in which contestants perform a short run and three consecutive jumps, landing first on one foot, and finally both feet, in continuous motion.

Like the long jump. the triple jump involves spriting down a runway and jumping to reach a horizontal distance. The event is sometimes called the hop, skip, and jump because triple jumpers must master a three-phase hop, a step, and a jump before landing in the sandpit.

In the first phase of the squence, the jumper sprints along a running path, then hop into the air on the air on the takeoff foot and comes down on the same foot. The jumper then immediatelly springs or bounds forward and lands on te opposite foot. to complete the sequence the competitor jumps into air once more and land in the sandpit.

Golf

Introduction
Golf, outdoor game in which individual player use specially designed clubs to propel a small, hard ball over a field of play known as a course or links. The object of the game is to advance the ball around the course using as few strokes as possible.

Golf Strokes and Equipment
In addition to putt, the specialized stroke used on green, two main types of shots are used in playing each hole: the drive,which is a long shot from the tee onto the fairway; and the approach shot, which is the shot used to hit the ball onto the green. Shots of various lenghts are played with different clubs, according to the distance to be covered and the lie (position) of the ball. A standard set of 14 golf clubs (the maximum that one player may carry on tournament play) is divided two main types: woods and irons. Woods have larger heads and are so called because for many years the head were made of wood, but today they are almost exclusively made of metal. Irons have heads made of forged steel, sometimes chrome plated. The stafts of both types usually are made of steel or cast graphite. Formerly, each club was known by a distinctive name, but today most are designated by numbers.The woods are customarily numbered 1 through 7 and the iron 1 through 9, though usually a player only carries some of these clubs during a round. The putter, an iron, has retained its distinct name. Another class of clubs that retains it name the wedges, including the pitching wedge, sand wedge, and lob wedge, which are used on short-range shots in and attempt to place the ball on the green.

BASKETBALL

Introduction
Basketball, fast-paced game played on a rectangular court, generally indoors, by two five-player teams. The primary objective of the game is to score more points than the opposition by putting a round ball through a circular band, called a a rim. the two rims are at each end of the court, placed 10 ft (3.1 m) above the ground and connected to a backboard, a rectangular broad that hangs from the ceiling or is supported in the air on the air on a pole or some other structure. One of the most popular sports in the world, basketball is played by men and women of all ages and ability levels in more than 200 countries.
While the dimensions of individual basketball courts vary, a playing area 84 ft(25.6 m) longs and 50 ft (15.2 m) wide-predominantly used in a recreational, high school, and intercollegiate competition- is considered ideal for most players. Professional basketball courts are slight larger, 94 ft (28.7 long and 50 ft wide. In addition to size, court can vary in other ways, such as in the radius of the circle situated at the center of the court and in the distance of the 3-point line (from beyond which a score counts for 3 points) from the basket. For e.g., the 3-point line in high school and college games is 19 ft 9 in (6m) from the basket, while in international play it is 21 ft 6 in (6.6m), and in National Basketball Association (NBA) it extends as far as 23 ft 9 in (7.2m). The backboards were originally used to prevent spectators from interfering with play. They are generally 4 by 6 ft (1.2 by 1.8 m) and are connected to cast-iron rims, or baskets, that are 18 in (45.7 cm) in diameter. Each basket has a white, nylon-mesh net 15 to 18 in (38.1 to 45.7 cm) in lenght connected to iron loops on the rim.

Playing offence is perhaps the most prominent part of playing basketball, as it allows players to demonstrate and improve upon individual skills necessary to being successful. Many of basketball's best players have exceptional talents on offense. Basic offensive skill are passing, ball handling, shooting, rebounding.

Defense is just as important to winning basketball games as offense. The goal of defense is simple: to stop the opposition from scoring. The more times a team stops an opponent from scoring, the more likely it is that a victory will be secured. The basic defensive technique involves guarding the opponent while keeping both feet at least shoulder-width apart, with one foot slightly ahead of the other and the knees bent. When defending, a player's weight should be placed on the balls of the feet to ensure quick movement in any direction.

Target Shooting

INTRODUCTION
Target Shooting, indoor and outdoor sport in which contestants tire small arms at stationary targets. The sport is similar to trapshooting (see Trapshooting and Skeet), which uses catapulted targets.

RULES AND EQUIPMENT
The standard target is a square of cardboard with concentric black and white rings around a black circular center is known as the bull's eye. The in a target-shooting contests is to place a series of inside the bull's-eye. Both rifle and pistol matches are contested with a various classes and calibers of firearms. Typical events include team and individual matches for women, men and juniors. Contestants are classified, in ascending order, as tyros or or beginners, marksmen, sharpshooter, experts, and masters. Rifle- and pistol-shooting championship are sponsored each year by USA Shooting and the National Rifle Association of America (NRA). Shooting events are also included in the Olympic Games.

Rifle matches are divided into small-bore and high-power events. High-power rifles are center fire arms of at least .22 caliber that are fired at distances ranging from 200 to 1000 yd(182.9 to 914.4 m); small-bore rifles are .22-caliber arms that are fired at distances ranging from 50 to 200 yd(45.7 to 182.9m). Both types usually weigh considerably more than standard hunting guns, a characteristic that lends that target arms great stability and accuracy. The small-bore and high-power events are subdivided into contests for firearms with optical sights and those with metallic sights. The chief component of an optical sight is a small telescope mounted on a barrel, which provides a magnified view of the target. Metallic sights are comparatively simple mechanical guides affixed to the barrel that are designed to facilitate the proper aiming of rifle; such sight provide no magnification and thus impose a greater test of shooting skill than do optical sights. Contestants in rifle matches fire in turn form prone, sitting, kneeling, and standing positions.

Motorcycle Racing

Introduction
Motorcycle racing, speed contests on motocycles. Motorcycles racing has many different forms: road rasing over open roads; circuit racing over specailly built tracks; speedway racing over oval-shaped dirt tracks; motorcross racing over natural terrain, incorporating hill climbs; and race trail, also over natural terrain, but with the addition of artificial hazards.

A world championship Grand Prix series holds a season with various categories for machines with engine sizes from 125 cubic centimeters (cc) to 500 cubic centimeters. Major events are the world championship, which began in 1949 (the blue ribbon event is the 500 cc class, now known as the MotoGP event), and the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy, the principal race of which is the Senior Tourist Trophy. In 202 the MotoGP began to allow 4-stroke engines. Previously, the 500 cc class event was open only to 2-stroke engines.

Badminton

INTRODUCTION

Badminton, game for two or four players using lightweight rackets and shuttlecock, a cork ball fitted with stabilizing feathers. Players hit the shuttlecock back and forth over a net, trying to keep it from hitting the ground. Some people play badminton outdoors on a level grassy area or beach. However, tournament-level badminton played indoor specially marked court.

PLAYING AREA

International rules state that an indoor badminton court must be rectangular, with white lines marked on woden floor or on a special mat that is rolled onto a level playing surface. A singles court is 44ft(13.41m) long and 17ft(5,18m) wide. For doubles, alleys 1ft 6in(0.46m) widealong the two longer sides of the court come into play, making the court 20 ft (6.10m) wide. Because shots fly high into the air, there must be clearance of at least 30ft(9.14m) above the court. A net stretched across the middle of the court has a top edge set to height of 5ft(1.52m) at the center and 5ft 1in(1.55m) at the posts.

SERVICE AND PLAY

Play begins with a serve from a service area on the right-hand side of the court to a receiver in a diagonally opposite service area across the net. To serve, the server stands behind the service line and strikes the cork base of the shuttle in an underhand motion. the receiver must then return the shuttle before it hits the ground, and the players hit the shuttle back and forth until one side fails to return it.

Play ends when the shuttle hits the ground on one side of the court or when one player makes a fault, or error, such as hitting the shuttle into the net or out of bounds. Specific faults for servers include striking the feathers of the shuttle first or serving overhand. the receiver can be faulted for not being within the service court, for not having both feet on the floor when receiving, and for moving before the serve is made.

SCORING

Points are scored when the opponent fails to return the shuttle, hits it out of bounds, or earn a fault. Points only count for the sever(or serving side in doubles), so keeping the service privilege is an important part of the game. If the sever loses sever, the partner serves. If the partner loses serve, the opposing team takes over.